ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the association between depression and family support among Chinese children and adolescents and to investigate whether loneliness could mediate this relationship. METHODS: There were 2755 children and adolescents aged 18 and below from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) that participated in our study. Depression in children and adolescents was assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD). Binary logistic regression combined with mediation analysis was used to examine the association between family support and depression and the mediating effect of loneliness on this relationship. RESULTS: Of the 2755 children and adolescents, 848 (30.8 %) reported feeling lonely and 310 (11.3 %) reported feeling depressed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with children and adolescents with family support, children and adolescents without family support had a higher risk of loneliness (odds ratio (OR) = 1.668, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.318-2.111) and depression (odds ratio (OR) = 2.252, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.669-3.039). Mediation analysis revealed that loneliness played a partial mediating role in the association between family support and depression (ß = -0.109, P < 0.001), and the mediation proportion was 38.11 %. CONCLUSION: Family support affects depression directly and indirectly through loneliness. The results suggest that parents should provide more support to children and adolescents to reduce the risk of loneliness and underlying depression during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Loneliness , Humans , Adolescent , Child , Depression , Family Support , Mediation Analysis , Pandemics , ChinaABSTRACT
To explore the value of simultaneous detection of multiple viruses in epidemic prevention and control of COVID-19. To analyze respiratory virus infection of 114 suspected COVID-19 patients, real-time RT-PCR was used to detect SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid. At the same time, the thermostatic amplification was used to detect other 18 respiratory virus. As results, the nucleic acid of 114 suspected COVID-19 patients was negative, and 21 of them were infected with non-other respiratory viruses, with an infection rate of 18.42%. A total of 10 respiratory viruses were detected in 21 cases, including coronavirus NL63/229E, respiratory syncytial virus, human coxsackie virus A16, influenza B virus, human parainfluenza virus type 1, human parainfluenza virus type 3, human metapneumovirus, influenza A virus, seasonal influenza a virus subtype H3, and enterovirus/rhinovirus. There were 6 cases of influenza B virus infection and 5 cases of respiratory syncytial virus. Three patients were co-infected with two viruses: respiratory syncytial virus mixed with coxsackie virus A16, coronavirus NL63/229E mixed with human parainfluenza virus 1, and influenza A virus mixed with influenza A virus seasonal H3 subtype. In conclusion, in response to the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, attention should be paid to the identification of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses in suspected COVID-19 patients, so as to effectively exclude suspected cases.
ABSTRACT
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was found initially in Wuhan, China in early December 2019. The pandemic has spread to 216 countries and regions, infecting more than 23310 000 people and causing over 800 000 deaths globally by Aug. 24, 2020, according to World Health Organization (https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/ novel-coronavirus-2019). Fever, cough, and dyspnea are the three common symptoms of the condition, whereas the conventional transmission route for SARS-CoV-2 is through droplets entering the respiratory tract. To date, infection control measures for COVID-19 have been focusing on the involvement of the respiratory system. However, ignoring potential faecal transmission and the gastrointestinal involvement of SARS-CoV-2 may result in mistakes in attempts to control the pandemic.